World columbian exposition in chicago in 1893 - On May 1, 1893, more than 100,000 people celebrated the opening of the 1893 Chicago World's Fair in the city's Jackson Park. Formally known as the "World's ...

 
3 окт. 2023 г. ... Dates: 1893-1895 Size: 2.75 linear feet in 3 boxes Repository: Chicago Public Library, Harold Washington Library Center, Special…. Umkc volleyball camp

Chicago00: 1893 World's Columbian Exposition reveals the history of Midway Plaisance and Jackson Park on the south side of Chicago. Over a century ago, this was ...Soon after her arrival in Chicago, Wells continued on her campaign for justice when she joined fellow African American activists in a boycott of the World’s Columbian Exposition, the internationally-famous world's fair held in Chicago to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' arrival in the New World in 1492.Soon after her arrival in Chicago, Wells continued on her campaign for justice when she joined fellow African American activists in a boycott of the World’s Columbian Exposition, the internationally-famous world's fair held in Chicago to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' arrival in the New World in 1492.In 1893, Chicago hosted the World's Columbian Exposition (the “Chicago World's Fair”) to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' arrival in ...Apr 6, 2021 · American Indians and the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2019)CrossRef Google Scholar; and Silkenat, David, “ Workers in the White City: Working Class Culture at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 104. 4 (2011): 266 – 300 Google ... The election took place against the backdrop of the city's preparations for the World's Columbian Exposition, to be held later that year. ... 1893 Chicago mayoral election; Party Candidate Votes % Democratic: Carter Harrison Sr. 114,237 : 54.03 …Dec 6, 2017 · The 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago was the first American fair to feature anthropology. The new discipline had its own building, supervised by Frederic Putnam, then director of Harvard University’s Peabody Museum.It competed, however, with another display of anthropology, organized by the Smithsonian Institution. In this lecture, Ira Jacknis will explore the many ways in whi Illinois was a detailed, full-scale mockup of an Indiana-class coastal defense battleship, constructed as a naval exhibit at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois, in 1893.It was built alongside a pier of stuccoed brick atop wood pilings, with a stucco covered wood-framed superstructure, and outfitted with limited mechanical systems and displays.The Archaeology of Chicago's 1893 World's Columbian Exposition | Lecture by Rebecca S. Graff. The Institute for the Study of International Expositions (ISIE) ...The 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago revolutionized city planning and architecture. Moreover, the legacy of the fair’s influence can be seen in many American cities today. Historically, world fairs functioned to illuminate grand architecture, art, and new inventions. Quick List Info. Dates Open - May 1 to October 30, 1893. 179 days open to public, including all Sundays, except 4 - May 7, 14, 21 & July 23. (Those 4 were open to exhibitors, passholders, etc., amounting to a total of only 27,144 visitors). Attendance - 21,480,140 Paid; 27,539,521 Total. International Participants - 50 Nations and 26 Colonies.The 1893 World's Fair Welcome Columbian Exposition enthusiasts! This educational, non-profit website is dedicated to the history and legacy of the 1893 World’s Fair held in Chicago. We aim to explore details of its buildings and lesser known corners of the fairgrounds, to rediscover the countless attractions ranging from the astoundingThe World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893 was the first world’s fair held in Chicago. Carving out some 600 acres of Frederick Law Olmsted’s Jackson Park, the exposition was a major milestone. Congress awarded Chicago the opportunity to host the fair over the other candidate cities of New York, Washington D.C. and …World's Columbian Exposition: Idea, Experience, Aftermath. ~ Welcome ~ Tour the Fair ~ Reactions to the Fair ~ The Legacy of the Fair ~ Notes and Further Reading ~ This project resides at.This page is dedicated to collecting information on the Chicago Exposition of 1893 and its inspiration for twentieth century urban planning.1 "Lighting up the White City", July 3 rd 1893.; 1 The 1893 International Exposition in Chicago, seen by many contemporaries and historians as a turning point in the cultural life of America, was perhaps in the first place a visual event. The Court of Honour or "White City" gathering the major exhibition buildings at the core of the fairgrounds was indeed a …Over 125 years ago the Columbian Exposition was staged in Chicago on Lake Michigan's shoreline. Visitors from around the country and world were first introduced to many industrial technologies and commercial offerings that would shape 20th century culture.Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for The World's Columbian Exposition: The Chicago World's Fair of 1893 at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!Chicago00: 1893 World's Columbian Exposition reveals the history of Midway Plaisance and Jackson Park on the south side of Chicago. Over a century ago, this was ...July 10, 1893, dawned as a typical day at the World’s Fair. Tribune headlines about the exposition that day included stories about a severe storm that damaged a hot-air balloon on the Midway and ...Job #274, 00274-02-ph002, World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, IL . Olmsted Archives. When Chicago was chosen as the city to host the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893, Frederick Law Olmsted was called on to adapt his initial designs for the South Park Commission site, now called Jackson Park, Washington Park, and the Midway Plaisance, to be more appropriate for a fairground.USA, 1/2 Dollar Philadelphia 1893 - World's Columbian Exposition Chicago Issue on the occasion of the Columbian Exposition in Chicago, organized on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America. Silver '900'. Emisja z okazji Wystawy Kolumbijskiej w Chicago zorganizowana z okazji 400-lecia odkrycia Ameryki. Srebro próby '900'. First Elongated Coin Souvenirs in America were at Chicago's 1893 World's Fair. First-Ever Brownie Invented by Chicagoan Bertha Palmer for the World’s Fair. Glass Blocks; a Chicago Invention for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition. H.H. Holmes Murder Castle at 601-603 West 63rd Street, Chicago.Nice US 50 cent piece attached to ribbon and bar that says Chicago Day, Could not really get a good picture.Light wear to coin. 2.00 post on US Payment I accept the following forms of payment: Albu...from 6805180 ... 1893 Columbian Expo 50 Cent Piece Attached To Chicago Day Ribbon ...World's Columbian Exposition (1893 : Chicago, Ill.): Rapport présenté à MM. les conseillers fédéraux, chefs des Départements de l'intérieur et des affaires étrangères à Berne sur l'état de l'instruction populaire aux États-Unis d'après l'Exposition de Chicago ([Place of publication not identified] : Imprimé par les ...Buy The World's Columbian Exposition: Chicago, 1893: a complete history of the enterprise: a full description of the buildings and exhibits in all ... a ...In 1893, more than 20 million people descended on Chicago for the World's Columbian Exposition, or the Chicago World's Fair, marking the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the ...Job #274, 00274-03-ph001, World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, IL . Olmsted Archives. World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago, IL) When Chicago was chosen as the city to host the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893, Frederick Law Olmsted was called on to adapt his initial designs for the South Park Commission site, now called Jackson …World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. Chicago Exposition, 1893. Library of Congress. America hosted the World's Fair of 1893 as a celebration of Columbus' voyage to the continent four... Chaim M. Rosenberg, America at the Fair: Chicago’s 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition (Arcadia, 2008), p. 10. Louis H. Sullivan, The Autobiography of an Idea (Dover, 1956), p. 325. G. Brown Goode, “First Draft of a System of Classification for the World’s Columbian Exposition,” 1891.The Chicago's World Fair of 1893: A Photographic Record. New York: Dover, 1980. Photos from the collections of the Avery Library of Columbia University and the Chicago Historical Society. Truman, Ben C., et al. History of the World's Fair: Being a Complete and Authentic Description of the Columbian Exposition from Its Inception.The 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago was the first American fair to feature anthropology. The new discipline had its own building, supervised by Frederic Putnam, then director of Harvard University’s Peabody Museum.It competed, however, with another display of anthropology, organized by the Smithsonian Institution.July 10, 1893, dawned as a typical day at the World’s Fair. Tribune headlines about the exposition that day included stories about a severe storm that damaged a hot-air balloon on the Midway and ...World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893 World, meet Chicago. The World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893 was the first world’s fair held in Chicago. Carving out... The White City. The site of the exposition itself gained the nickname the “White City” due to the appearance of its... Legacy of the fair. The ...Mary Cassatt’s Feminist Mural Which Has Gone Missing. Mary Cassatt, Modern Woman, c. 1893, Woman’s Building at the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition and Fair, Chicago, IL, USA. Wikimedia Commons (public domain). Detail. Mary Cassatt was a well-known Impressionist who often illustrated motherhood and traditional female activities in the ...The World’s Columbian Exposition was held in Chicago in 1893 to mark the 400th anniversary of Columbus’s voyage to the Americas. Such World’s Fairs were an opportunity for countries to showcase their prosperity, culture, and innovations, and it brought international attention to the nation. The expansive fairgrounds were a spectacle ...The World's Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in 1893, was the first critically and economically successful U.S. world's fair. Conceived as a celebration of the 400th anniversary of Columbus ' landing in the new world, the Exposition held a near-mythological appeal for people of the time. The Columbian Exposition showcased a city just 60 ...5 янв. 2021 г. ... These two buildings were constructed as part of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, or World's Fair. The fair opened in Chicago on May 1, ...Jul 25, 2018 · July 10, 1893, dawned as a typical day at the World’s Fair. Tribune headlines about the exposition that day included stories about a severe storm that damaged a hot-air balloon on the Midway and ... The 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago was the first American fair to feature anthropology. The new discipline had its own building, supervised by Frederic Putnam, then director of Harvard University’s Peabody Museum.It competed, however, with another display of anthropology, organized by the Smithsonian Institution.Chicago's World's Fair and H.H. Holmes . Chicago's World's Fair, also known as The World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, is the centerpiece of our time-skipping series this week, and it comes with ...The Chicago World Fair of 1893 — which is still widely regarded today by historians as the most socially, scientifically and culturally influential World Fair — …This colorful, patriotic silk ribbon from the 1893 Columbian Exposition held in Chicago, Illinois celebrates the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' 1492 discovery of America. The ribbon is dWard Putnam for the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago. The hair clippings were accessioned into the Field Museum’s collection in 1939. No information regarding the individual’s name, sex, age, or geographic location has been found. No associated funerary objects are present. Cultural Affiliation The human remains in this notice areShe spoke at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, expressing her concern over the lack of Blacks on the Board of Control for that cultural event.This part includes the Midway Plaisance and other areas used in the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893.: 64+ The south side system included boulevards to Washington Park and Sherman Park. The West Chicago Commission's section of the system was designed by William Le Baron Jenney.2,010 likes, 27 comments - doorwaysofchicago on September 23, 2023: "Still time to grab those tickets and come take a fall walk with me in charming Wicker Park, Sunda..."World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago 1893 - The great victory of Tesla/Westinghouse's Polyphase alternating current system electricity. By Dr. Ljubo Vujovic and Marko Vujovic. The World Columbian Exposition was the World's Fair commemorating 400 years since Christopher Columbus set foot in the New World. …July 10, 1893, dawned as a typical day at the World’s Fair. Tribune headlines about the exposition that day included stories about a severe storm that damaged a hot-air balloon on the Midway and ...Abstract. The 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago was grander in scale than the 1876 Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia.A Century of Progress International Exposition - map drawn by Tony Sarg. The fair buildings were multi-colored, to create a "Rainbow City" as compared to the "White City" of Chicago's earlier World's Columbian Exposition. The buildings generally followed Moderne architecture in contrast to the neoclassical themes used at the 1893 fair.SOUVENIR WORLDS COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION CHICAGO 1893 on the other side it says COMPLIMLNIS ( compliments) OF KEYSTONE WATCH CASE CO. THIS LITTLE GUY MEASURES APPROX 1 1/2 INCHES TALL & 1 INCH WIDE FIIn 1893, the city of Chicago hosted the World Columbian Exposition, an early world's fair. So many people were coming to Chicago from all over the world that many smaller conferences, called Congresses and Parliaments, were scheduled to take advantage of this unprecedented gathering. In the summer of 1893, there was no more exciting destination in the United States than the World’s Columbian Exposition. Conceived as a celebration of the anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas, the Chicago was a trade show, art gallery, lecture series, and museum exhibit rolled into one. Job #274, 00274-02-ph002, World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, IL . Olmsted Archives. When Chicago was chosen as the city to host the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893, Frederick Law Olmsted was called on to adapt his initial designs for the South Park Commission site, now called Jackson Park, Washington Park, and the Midway Plaisance, to be more appropriate for a fairground.World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893 comes alive on computer screens. F or the last 18 years, Lisa Snyder has been bringing to vibrant life the bygone glory of a true architectural, social and cultural wonder — the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893, known to many as the Chicago World’s Fair. For six months on the cusp of a new ...Apr 6, 2021 · American Indians and the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2019)CrossRef Google Scholar; and Silkenat, David, “ Workers in the White City: Working Class Culture at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 104. 4 (2011): 266 – 300 Google ... Chicago hosted the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, a world's fair commemorating the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World. Artists from the United States and 19 foreign countries exhibited at the Exposition. A complete list of the artists and works exhibited in the Palace of Fine Arts can be found here: The Art …Khaled Hosseini. from: $3.99. Trustpilot. Buy a cheap copy of The Fair Women Chicago 1893 book by Jeanne Madeline Weimann. The World's Columbian Exposition included amazing exhibits of the results of women's activities -- in the arts, …Mar 17, 2003 · Moving Sidewalk. The first moving walkway debuted at the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893, in Chicago, Illinois. It had two different divisions: one where passengers were seated, and one where riders could stand or walk. It ran in a loop down the length of a lakefront pier to a casino. Moving Sidewalk. World's Columbian Exposition. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. English: The World Columbian Exposition was a World's Fair held in Chicago in 1893. Deutsch: Die World Columbian Exposition war eine 1893 in Chicago veranstaltete Weltausstellung. Türkçe: Kolomb Dünya Fuarı 1893 yılında Chicago'da düzenlenen …View of people crossing a bridge leading to the Women's Building at the Chicago World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago, Ill. Chicago History Museum/Getty Images. Ideas.The World's Columbian Exposition (also known as the Chicago World's Fair) was a world's fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492. Built as a temporary structure and made of ephemeral materials, "Cairo Street" had a dual nature. On the one hand it was a purely scientific installation, a piece of anthropology. On the other, it became the most popular entertainment venue at the World's Columbian Exposition of Chicago (1893), a place where "people went wild with …old engraving illustration of opening of the world's columbian exposition, chicago, 1 may 1893 - president cleveland speaking - 1893 chicago worlds fair stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images Black and white print advertising the Moline Plow Company, a plow manufacturer from Moline Illinois, which exhibited several products in the...The Columbian Exchange occurred when travelers from the Old World met residents of the New World. Advances in farming represent a positive outcome, and the spread of disease represents a negative outcome from this meeting.The World's Columbian Exposition, commemorating the 400th anniversary of Columbus' landfall in the New World, is dedicated in Chicago. May 1, 1893 Thousands gather in Jackson Park to witness President Grover Cleveland press the button signaling the opening of the Chicago World’s Fair.anniversary of this event a grandiose world’s fair was organized in America, the World’s Columbian Exposition – this was the official name – in Chicago in 1893. It was planned for 1892 but the opening was postponed until 1893 because of construction delays. In view of the numerous advantages and the considerable profit, both tangible C.D. Arnold, "World's Columbian Exposition, Midway Plaisance," from World's Fair: General Views and Midway , 1893 ( Art Institute of Chicago ). This essay focuses on the experience of a visitor to the Midway Plaisance, a mile-long carnival area adjacent to the main fairgrounds, featuring carnival rides, performances, food stalls, and inhabited ...In the summer of 1893, there was no more exciting destination in the United States than the World’s Columbian Exposition. Conceived as a celebration of the anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas, the Chicago was a trade show, art gallery, lecture series, and museum exhibit rolled into one.American Heritage 44:4 (1993): 70-87. Although the World's Columbian Exposition was an amazing and historic event for the nation, it was even more so for the city of Chicago. Rising out of the ashes of the Great Fire of 1871, this world's fair marked a moment in time when Chicago was at its greatest and most dynamic. Tiffany Chapel. In 1893 Louis Comfort Tiffany exhibited a chapel interior at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago that brought him international acclaim ...The World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893 was the first world’s fair held in Chicago. Carving out some 600 acres of Frederick Law Olmsted’s Jackson Park, the exposition was a major milestone. Congress awarded Chicago the opportunity to host the fair over the other candidate cities of New York, Washington D.C. and …The 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago revolutionized city planning and architecture. Moreover, the legacy of the fair’s influence can be seen in many American cities today. Historically, world fairs functioned to illuminate grand architecture, art, and new inventions.(May 1, 1893–October 30, 1893.) Map of Fairgrounds, 1893 Organized to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Columbus's landfall in the New World, the World's Columbian Exposition became a defining moment in Chicago's history and the history of the United States as a whole.C.D. Arnold, "World's Columbian Exposition, Midway Plaisance," from World's Fair: General Views and Midway , 1893 ( Art Institute of Chicago ). This essay focuses on the experience of a visitor to the Midway Plaisance, a mile-long carnival area adjacent to the main fairgrounds, featuring carnival rides, performances, food stalls, and inhabited ... The 19th Century Rotunda of the Chicago Postcard Museum is host to the Chicago 1893 World's Columbian Exposition exhibits and the Private Mailing Card era ...The 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago was the first American fair to feature anthropology. The new discipline had its own building, supervised by Frederic Putnam, then director of Harvard University’s Peabody Museum.It competed, however, with another display of anthropology, organized by the Smithsonian Institution.Chicago's World's Fair and H.H. Holmes . Chicago's World's Fair, also known as The World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, is the centerpiece of our time-skipping series this week, and it comes with ...Between May and October 1893, nearly 26 million visitors flocked to Chicago to visit the World's Columbian Exposition, which commemorated the 400th anniversary of Columbus's arrival on the island ...

Chicago hosted the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, a world's fair commemorating the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World. Artists from the United States and 19 foreign countries exhibited at the Exposition. A complete list of the artists and works exhibited in the Palace of Fine Arts can be found here: The Art …. Richard korentager

world columbian exposition in chicago in 1893

World's Columbian Exposition. (May 1, 1893–October 30, 1893.) Organized to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Columbus's landfall in the New World, the World's Columbian Exposition became a defining moment in Chicago's history and the history of the United States as a whole. When the World's Columbian Exposition opened, only 22 years had ... The original Chicago Ferris Wheel, built for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition. The original Ferris wheel, sometimes referred to as the Chicago Wheel, was designed and constructed by Ferris Jr. and opened in 1893; however, an earlier wheel was created for the New York State fair in 1854, created by two Erie Canal workers.The world's fair prior to Chicago, Paris' 1889 Exposition Universelle, included several steam- and gas-powered vehicles, but the World's Columbian Exposition included a grand total of two horseless carriages: a gas-engine Daimler quadricycle -- the first gasoline-powered automobile on public display in the United States -- and an electric …The World's Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in 1893, was the last and the greatest of the nineteenth century's World's Fairs. Nominally a celebration of Columbus' voyages 400 years prior, the Exposition was in actuality a reflection and celebration of American culture and society--for fun, edification, and profit--and a blueprint for life in modern and postmodern America. World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, Illinois, 1893: War Department Exhibit. Corps Of Engineers, U.s. Army. Catalogue. Created by United States Army Corps of Engineers ... With over 6 million of the world's best eBooks to choose from, Kobo offers you a whole world of reading. Go shelf-less with your library and enjoy reward points with ...Outside of baseball circles appeared the daily newspaper promotional reminders of mankind’s self-backslap of great achievements, in the form of the wondrous Chicago Columbian Exposition, the World’s Fair, within the spectacular 640-acre “White City,” a nineteenth-century Disneyland, which included the first (specially constructed ...1893 World’s Columbian Exposition Interesting Exhibits Guide, Chicago. £8.00Standard Delivery. See details. No returns accepted. See details. Get more time to pay. See payment information. Get the item you ordered or your money back. …World's Columbian Exposition: View: Women's Building 35: Series: III: Events: Description: Women's Building with bas-relief pediment above the main entrance sculpted by Alice Rideout. Subject Terms: Exhibition buildings | World's Columbian Exposition (1893: Chicago, Illinois) | Architects | Architectural elements | Loggias | Audiences ...The World’s Columbian Exposition, also referred to as the Chicago World’s Fair, the Great Chicago Fair and the White City, was a national exhibition built to commemorate …The Columbian Exchange occurred when travelers from the Old World met residents of the New World. Advances in farming represent a positive outcome, and the spread of disease represents a negative outcome from this meeting.As plans for the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago took shape, there was a void where its exclamation point was meant to stand.Burnham spoke before a group of engineers employed on the ...Tiffany Chapel. In 1893 Louis Comfort Tiffany exhibited a chapel interior at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago that brought him international acclaim ...The World's Columbian Exposition (also known as the Chicago World's Fair) was a world's fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492.Sep 15, 2014 · In honor of our role in Expo Milano 2015, we’re taking a look back at the history of food at world’s fairs. Our first stop is the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago, where attendees sampled several products that are still on the shelves today, including Cracker Jack, Juicy Fruit gum, Cream of Wheat, and Aunt Jemima's Pancake Flour. The World’s Columbian Exposition, also referred to as the Chicago World’s Fair, the Great Chicago Fair and the White City, was a national exhibition built to commemorate …world’s columbian exposition in chicago 1893 - 1893 chicago worlds fair stock illustrations. Native American Engraving, Ticket to World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, Illinois, 1893. ... old engraving illustration of opening of the world's columbian exposition, chicago, 1 may 1893 - president cleveland speaking - 1893 chicago worlds …Records 1 - 25 of 27 ... The Carlisle Indian School exhibit titled Into Civilization and Citizenship at the World's Fair in 1893 held in Chicago, Illinois. The ...The Woman's Building, from "Official Views Of The World's Columbian Exposition" by C.D. Arnold, 1893. The World’s Columbian Exposition commemorated the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus’s landfall in the Americas. From May through October 1893, the Exposition brought people and ideas to Chicago from each of the American states and ... 1893 Chicago World's Fair foldout souvenir photo book Columbian Exposition RARE! ...In 1893, the city of Chicago hosted the World Columbian Exposition, an early world's fair. So many people were coming to Chicago from all over the world that many smaller conferences, called Congresses and Parliaments, were scheduled to take advantage of this unprecedented gathering. .

Popular Topics